Applications of Integrated Sensors in Structural Monitoring of Buildings

Applications of Integrated Sensors in Structural Monitoring of Buildings

Structural monitoring has become an essential component in the management and maintenance of buildings, especially those of great historical importance or located in seismic risk areas. With the advancement of technology, the integration of advanced sensors allows real-time data collection, preventing hazardous situations and enhancing overall safety. Among the most widely used devices are strain gauges, MEMS accelerometers, and tilt sensors, each serving a specific purpose.

Strain Gauges for Detecting Beam Deformations

Strain gauges are highly sensitive devices used to measure deformations in structural elements such as beams. These sensors, typically made with resistive materials, detect minimal length variations due to applied loads or environmental changes. In continuous monitoring contexts, strain gauges can signal progressive deformations, indicating potential structural failures or the need for maintenance interventions.

Application Example: In a historic building in Florence, strain gauges were installed on the wooden roof beams to monitor potential deformations caused by humidity and the added weight of recent restorations. The data collected helped identify high-risk areas and plan targeted interventions without damaging the original structure.

MEMS Accelerometers for Monitoring Vibrations

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) are an excellent choice for monitoring vibrations caused by seismic events or heavy traffic. MEMS accelerometers, in particular, can detect multi-axis movements with a high degree of precision, providing essential data for dynamic structural analysis. This type of monitoring is crucial for buildings in seismic areas or subject to frequent vibrations, enabling rapid damage assessments after an earthquake.

Application Example: In a skyscraper in Milan, MEMS accelerometers were used to monitor vibrations caused by road traffic and wind. The data revealed an increase in oscillations during certain times of the day, enabling better calibration of the building’s damping systems.

Tilt Sensors for Monitoring Structural Movements

Tilt sensors are used to monitor displacements and inclinations in buildings. These devices detect changes in tilt angles, which can indicate soil subsidence or differential movements between the foundation and the superstructure. Integrated into continuous monitoring systems, tilt sensors provide early warnings of structural problems, allowing timely interventions.

Application Example: During the construction of a dam in Piedmont, tilt sensors were placed along the structure to monitor potential displacements caused by water pressure. This approach ensured compliance with safety standards and prevented potential damages during the testing phase.

Gemini Smart: The Solution for Integrated Data Management

The Gemini Smart platform stands out as an advanced tool for managing structural monitoring in buildings. Thanks to its cloud-based architecture, Gemini Smart allows for the integration and analysis of data from strain gauges, MEMS accelerometers, and tilt sensors, offering a comprehensive view of the structural condition. The app, designed for property managers and building administrators, automates data processing and generates alerts in case of anomalies. This proactive monitoring capability not only improves safety but also reduces long-term maintenance costs.

Application Example: In a large residential complex in Perugia, Gemini Smart was adopted to monitor real-time data collected from various sensors. Thanks to this platform, managers identified an abnormal deformation in a load-bearing beam and intervened promptly, avoiding costly emergency repairs.

With solutions like Gemini Smart, the future of structural monitoring is increasingly oriented towards efficiency and prevention, ensuring safer buildings and more informed infrastructure management.